WHAT MADE SMARTPHONES TO BE THIS MUCH SMALL???

WHAT MADE SMARTPHONES TO BE THIS MUCH SMALL???

It is nothing but Capacitor. Because of Capacitor only we are using smart phones in compact size.
Researches in Germany who have succeeded in creating ultra small flexible super capacitors just a few nanometers in size.
A team in Linbiz Institute for solid state &material research, they just examine the use of manganese-Di-oxide as more Eco- friendly & less expensive alternative electrode material.
Usually manganese-Di-oxide is not used for electrode material because they are electrically conductive & not flexible too..
But the team overcome these disadvantage by vaporizing it using an electron beam & allowing them to precipitate in thin flexible films.
In order to increase conductivity gold is incorporated into it.

NEXT FOCUS: Gold metal has to be replaced because gold is expensive, so the capacitors costs high, hence we have to look up for a metal that can replace gold.